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Past Perfect (predpreteklik)

Past Perfect

Past Perfect opisuje dejanje, ki se je končalo pred drugim dejanjem ali časom v preteklosti. Tvorimo ga s had + past participle. Pogosto ga uporabljamo skupaj s časom Past Simple, da pokažemo zaporedje dveh preteklih dogodkov, in z besedami, kot so before, after, when, already in by the time.

KDAJ UPORABITI

Past Perfect uporabljaj, ko želiš jasno pokazati, da se je eno preteklo dejanje zgodilo PRED drugim preteklim dejanjem. Posebej uporaben je, kadar zaporedje dogodkov iz sobesedila ni očitno.

STRUKTURA

positiveShadpast participle

By the time I arrived, the film had already started.

Ko sem prišel, **se je** film **že začel**.

negativeShadn'tpast participle

She hadn't visited London before she moved there.

Preden se je preselila v London, ga **ni obiskala**.

questionHadSpast participle?

Had he eaten before the meeting?

**Ali je** pred sestankom **jedel**?

SIGNALNE BESEDE

  • before
  • after
  • when
  • by the time
  • already
  • just
  • never...before

PRIMERI

  1. By the time I arrived, the film had already started.

    Ko sem prišel, **se je** film **že začel**.

  2. She had never visited London before she moved there.

    Preden se je preselila v London, ga **še nikoli ni obiskala**.

  3. He realized he had forgotten his wallet at home.

    Ugotovil je, da **je** denarnico **pozabil** doma.

  4. When we got to the station, the train had left.

    Ko **smo prišli** na postajo, **je** vlak že **odpeljal**.

  5. I had studied for weeks before I took the exam.

    Preden sem opravljal izpit, **sem se** več tednov **učil**.

POGOSTE NAPAKE

When I arrived, the party already started.

When I arrived, the party had already started.

Ko se je eno preteklo dejanje zgodilo pred drugim, za prejšnji dogodek uporabi Past Perfect (had + past participle)

She has gone before he arrived.

She had gone before he arrived.

Za dejanje pred drugim preteklim dejanjem uporabi Past Perfect (had gone), ne Present Perfect (has gone)

Nasvet

Past Perfect si predstavljaj kot 'preteklost preteklosti'. Ko že govoriš o preteklosti in se moraš vrniti še dlje nazaj → uporabi Past Perfect (had + past participle).

Časi