Betingelsessetninger type 3

Third Conditional

Betingelsessetninger type 3 (Third Conditional) beskriver hypotetiske situasjoner i fortiden – ting som ikke skjedde – og forestiller seg andre utfall. De uttrykker anger, kritikk eller lettelse over hendelser i fortiden. Strukturen er: If + pluskvamperfektum, would have + perfektum partisipp.

NÅR SKAL DET BRUKES

Brukes når du snakker om situasjoner i fortiden som IKKE skjedde, og forestiller deg hva resultatet VILLE HA BLITT. Vanlig når du uttrykker anger, kritiserer handlinger i fortiden eller forestiller deg andre utfall.

STRUKTUR

positiveIf+past perfect, would have+past participle

If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

**Hvis** jeg **hadde studert** hardere, **ville** jeg **ha bestått** eksamen.

negativeIf+past perfect, wouldn't have+past participle

If they had taken a taxi, they wouldn't have missed the flight.

**Hvis** de **hadde tatt** taxi, **ville** de **ikke ha gått glipp av** flyet.

questionWould S+have+past participle+if+past perfect?

Would she have called you if she had known your number?

**Ville** hun **ha ringt** deg **hvis** hun **hadde visst** nummeret ditt?

SIGNALORD

if
would have
could have
might have
had (done)

EKSEMPLER

If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
**Hvis** jeg **hadde studert** hardere, **ville** jeg **ha bestått** eksamen.
She would have called you if she had known your number.
Hun **ville ha ringt** deg **hvis** hun **hadde visst** nummeret ditt.
If they had taken a taxi, they wouldn't have missed the flight.
**Hvis** de **hadde tatt** taxi, **ville** de **ikke ha gått glipp av** flyet.
I would have helped you if you had asked me.
Jeg **ville ha hjulpet** deg **hvis** du **hadde spurt** meg.
He might have got the job if he had arrived on time.
Han **kunne ha fått** jobben **hvis** han **hadde kommet** i tide.

VANLIGE FEIL

If I would have studied harder, I would have passed.

If I had studied harder, I would have passed.

I if-setningen bruker du pluskvamperfektum (had + past participle) – IKKE 'would have'

She would have pass the exam if she had studied.

She would have passed the exam if she had studied.

Etter 'would have' bruker du perfektum partisipp (passed, ikke pass)

Tips

Betingelsessetninger type 3 = anger, eller å tenke seg at fortiden var annerledes. Begge delene handler om fortiden: If + HAD done (pluskvamperfektum) → WOULD HAVE done (resultat i fortiden). Ingenting kan endres – alt er hypotetisk!