Indirekte tale

Reported Speech

Indirekte tale (reported speech) brukes for å gjengi hva noen sa, uten å bruke de nøyaktige ordene deres. Verbtiden flyttes vanligvis ett steg tilbake (presens → preteritum, preteritum → pluskvamperfektum). Pronomener og tidsuttrykk endres også. Vanlige verb for å gjengi tale er said, told, asked og explained.

NÅR SKAL DET BRUKES

Bruk indirekte tale når du forteller noen hva en annen person sa, spurte om eller tenkte – uten å sitere de nøyaktige ordene. Svært vanlig i fortellinger, i nyhetsreportasjer og når du gjengir samtaler.

STRUKTUR

positiveS+said (that)+past tense clause

She said that she was tired.

Hun **sa at** hun **var trøtt**.

negativeS+told+object+(that)+past tense clause

He told me he hadn't eaten anything.

Han **fortalte meg** at han **ikke hadde spist** noe.

questionS+asked+(object)+if/whether / wh-word+past clause

They asked if I could help them.

De **spurte om** jeg **kunne** hjelpe dem.

SIGNALORD

said
told
asked
explained
mentioned
replied
admitted
promised

EKSEMPLER

She said that she was tired.
Hun **sa at** hun **var** trøtt.
He told me he had already eaten.
Han **fortalte** meg at han **allerede hadde spist**.
They asked if I could help them.
De **spurte** om jeg **kunne** hjelpe dem.
She said she would come the next day.
Hun **sa** at hun **skulle komme** dagen etter.
He admitted that he had made a mistake.
Han **innrømmet** at han **hadde gjort** en feil.

VANLIGE FEIL

She said me that she was tired.

She told me that she was tired.

Bruk 'told + objekt'. 'Said' kan ikke etterfølges direkte av en person ('said me' er feil).

He asked where did she live.

He asked where she lived.

I indirekte spørsmål bruker du vanlig ordstilling (subjekt + verb) – ikke spørreordstilling

Tips

Regelen for tidsforskyvning: present simple → past simple, present continuous → past continuous, will → would, can → could, past simple → past perfect. Endre også: 'today' → 'that day', 'tomorrow' → 'the next day', 'here' → 'there'.