Trpnik (enostavni časi)

Passive Voice (Simple)

Trpnik uporabljamo, kadar je dejanje pomembnejše od tega, kdo ga izvaja, ali kadar vršilec ni znan ali je očiten. V trpniku predmet tvornega stavka postane osebek. Zgradba je: subject + am/is/are/was/were + past participle (+ by + agent).

KDAJ UPORABITI

Trpnik uporabljaj, kadar je dejanje pomembnejše od vršilca, kadar vršilec ni znan, je očiten ali nepomemben, ali v formalnem in strokovnem pisanju, da zveni bolj objektivno.

STRUKTURA

positiveS+am/is/are/was/were+past participle (+ by agent)

The report was written by the manager.

Poročilo **je napisal** vodja.

negativeS+am/is/are/was/were+not+past participle

The letter wasn't signed by anyone.

Pisma **ni podpisal** nihče.

questionAm/Is/Are/Was/Were+S+past participle?

Was the cake made from scratch?

**Ali je bila** torta **narejena** iz osnovnih sestavin?

SIGNALNE BESEDE

by
is made
was built
were told
has been stolen
will be announced

PRIMERI

The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889.
Eifflov stolp **je bil zgrajen** leta 1889.
English is spoken all over the world.
Angleško **se govori** po vsem svetu.
The report was written by the manager.
Poročilo **je napisal** vodja.
Mistakes were made.
**Narejene so bile** napake.
The winner will be announced tomorrow.
Zmagovalec **bo razglašen** jutri.

POGOSTE NAPAKE

The car was crashed by a truck.

The car was hit by a truck.

To ni slovnična napaka, vendar je 'crashed' v tem pomenu običajno neprehoden glagol. Pazi, katere glagole lahko postaviš v trpnik.

The cake was baked by my mother baked it.

The cake was baked by my mother.

V trpnih zgradbah ne ponavljaj osebka ali glagola

Nasvet

Kako tvornik pretvoriš v trpnik: predmet postane osebek, glagol postane 'be + past participle', prvotni osebek (če ga obdržiš) pa pride za 'by'. Tvornik: 'The chef cooked the meal.' → Trpnik: 'The meal was cooked by the chef.'