VocabNoteEstil indirecte
Reported Speech
L'estil indirecte (també anomenat discurs indirecte) s'utilitza per explicar el que ha dit algú sense fer servir les seves paraules exactes. Normalment els temps verbals retrocedeixen un pas (present → passat, passat → passat perfet). Els pronoms i les expressions de temps també canvien. Alguns verbs introductoris són said, told, asked i explained.
QUAN S'UTILITZA
Fes servir l'estil indirecte per explicar a algú el que una altra persona ha dit, ha preguntat o ha pensat, sense citar-ne les paraules exactes. És molt habitual en relats, notícies i descripcions de converses.
ESTRUCTURA
S+said (that)+past tense clauseShe said that she was tired.
**Va dir que estava cansada**.
S+told+object+(that)+past tense clauseHe told me he hadn't eaten anything.
**Em va dir** que **no havia menjat** res.
S+asked+(object)+if/whether / wh-word+past clauseThey asked if I could help them.
Em **van preguntar si** els **podia** ajudar.
PARAULES CLAU
- said
- told
- asked
- explained
- mentioned
- replied
- admitted
- promised
EXEMPLES
She said that she was tired.
**Va dir que estava** cansada.
He told me he had already eaten.
Em **va dir** que **ja havia menjat**.
They asked if I could help them.
Em **van preguntar** si els **podia** ajudar.
She said she would come the next day.
**Va dir** que **vindria** l'endemà.
He admitted that he had made a mistake.
**Va admetre** que **havia comès** un error.
ERRORS COMUNS
She said me that she was tired.
She told me that she was tired.
Fes servir 'told + objecte'. 'Said' no pot anar seguit directament d'una persona ('said me' és incorrecte).
He asked where did she live.
He asked where she lived.
En les preguntes indirectes, fes servir l'ordre normal (subjecte + verb), no l'ordre de pregunta
Consell
La regla del retrocés dels temps verbals: present simple → passat simple, present continu → passat continu, will → would, can → could, passat simple → passat perfet. També canvien: 'today' → 'that day', 'tomorrow' → 'the next day', 'here' → 'there'.