关系从句
Relative Clauses
关系从句提供关于名词的更多信息。限定性关系从句(没有逗号)识别我们指的是哪个人或哪件事。非限定性关系从句(有逗号)为已经识别的事物添加额外信息。人用 who/that,物用 which/that,所有格用 whose。
何时使用
当信息对识别名词至关重要时,使用限定性关系从句(没有逗号)。当信息是额外/附加的且名词已被识别时,使用非限定性关系从句(有逗号)。
结构
noun + who/which/that/whose + clause (no commas = defining)The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
**住在**隔壁的女人是一位医生。
proper noun + , + which/who + clause + , (non-defining)My father, whose car broke down, took the bus.
我父亲,**他的车**坏了,乘坐了公共汽车。
noun + where/when/why (relative adverbs)This is the city where I was born.
这是我**出生**的城市。
信号词
- who
- which
- that
- whose
- whom
- where
- when
例句
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
**住在**隔壁的女人是一位医生。
The book that I lent you is a bestseller.
我借给你的**那本**书是畅销书。
My father, whose car broke down, took the bus.
我父亲,**他的车**坏了,乘坐了公共汽车。
That's the restaurant where we had our first date.
那就是我们第一次约会的**餐厅**。
Do you know anyone who speaks Japanese?
你认识**会说**日语的人吗?
常见错误
The man which called you is my brother.
The man who called you is my brother.
对于人,使用 'who'(不是 'which')。
She is the woman who her husband is a pilot.
She is the woman whose husband is a pilot.
使用 'whose' 表示所有关系 — 而不是 'who her' 或 'who his'。
提示
快速指南: who = 人、which = 物、that = 人或物(仅限定性从句)、whose = 所有、where = 地点、when = 时间。'That' 不能用于非限定性(逗号)从句。