被动语态（简单）
Passive Voice (Simple)
被动语态用于动作比执行者更重要,或执行者未知或显而易见的情况。在被动语态中,主动句的宾语变成主语。结构是:主语 + am/is/are/was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者)。
何时使用
当动作比执行者更重要时、当执行者未知、显而易见或不重要时,或在正式/学术写作中为了听起来更客观时,使用被动语态。
结构
S + am/is/are/was/were + past participle (+ by agent)The report was written by the manager.
报告由经理**撰写**。
S + am/is/are/was/were + not + past participleThe letter wasn't signed by anyone.
这封信没有被任何人**签署**。
Am/Is/Are/Was/Were + S + past participle?Was the cake made from scratch?
蛋糕是从头**制作的**吗?
信号词
- by
- is made
- was built
- were told
- has been stolen
- will be announced
例句
The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889.
埃菲尔铁塔于1889年**建成**。
English is spoken all over the world.
英语在全世界**被使用**。
The report was written by the manager.
报告由经理**撰写**。
Mistakes were made.
错误**被犯下**。
The winner will be announced tomorrow.
获胜者将于明天**宣布**。
常见错误
The car was crashed by a truck.
The car was hit by a truck.
这不是语法错误,但'crashed'在这个意义上通常是不及物动词。请注意哪些动词可以变为被动语态。
The cake was baked by my mother baked it.
The cake was baked by my mother.
不要在被动语态结构中重复主语/动词。
提示
将主动语态转换为被动语态:宾语变成主语,动词变成'be + 过去分词',原主语(如保留)放在'by'之后。主动:'The chef cooked the meal.' → 被动:'The meal was cooked by the chef.'