间接引语
Reported Speech
间接引语(也称为转述引语)用于转述某人所说的话而不使用他们确切的词语。时态通常后移一步(现在时 → 过去时,过去时 → 过去完成时)。代词和时间表达也会改变。转述动词包括 said、told、asked 和 explained。
何时使用
使用间接引语告诉某人另一个人说了什么、问了什么或想了什么 - 而不引用他们的确切词语。在讲故事、新闻报道和描述对话中非常常见。
结构
S + said (that) + past tense clauseShe said that she was tired.
她**说她**累了。
S + told + object + (that) + past tense clauseHe told me he hadn't eaten anything.
他**告诉我**他什么都**没吃**。
S + asked + (object) + if/whether / wh-word + past clauseThey asked if I could help them.
他们**问**我是否**能**帮助他们。
信号词
- said
- told
- asked
- explained
- mentioned
- replied
- admitted
- promised
例句
She said that she was tired.
她**说她**累了。
He told me he had already eaten.
他**告诉我**他**已经吃过了**。
They asked if I could help them.
他们**问**我是否**能**帮助他们。
She said she would come the next day.
她**说**她第二天**会来**。
He admitted that he had made a mistake.
他**承认**他**犯了**一个错误。
常见错误
She said me that she was tired.
She told me that she was tired.
使用'told + 宾语'。'Said'后面不能直接跟一个人('said me'是错误的)。
He asked where did she live.
He asked where she lived.
在间接问句中,使用正常语序(主语 + 动词)- 不是疑问句语序。
提示
时态后移规则: present simple → past simple、present continuous → past continuous、will → would、can → could、past simple → past perfect。也要更改: 'today' → 'that day'、'tomorrow' → 'the next day'、'here' → 'there'。