VocabNoteGerundij in nedoločnik
Gerunds and Infinitives
Gerundij je oblika glagola na -ing, ki jo uporabljamo kot samostalnik (Swimming is fun). Nedoločnik je to + base verb (I want to swim). Ko en glagol sledi drugemu, prvi glagol določi obliko: nekateri glagoli zahtevajo gerundij (enjoy, avoid, finish), nekateri nedoločnik (want, decide, hope), nekaj pa oboje, včasih s spremembo pomena (stop, remember, forget).
KDAJ UPORABITI
Gerundij uporabljaj kot osebek povedi, za predlogi in za glagoli, kot so enjoy, avoid, mind, finish, suggest in keep. Nedoločnik uporabljaj za glagoli, kot so want, need, decide, hope, plan, agree in promise, za mnogimi pridevniki (easy to learn) in za izražanje namena (I came here to study).
STRUKTURA
Verb+V-ing (enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, keep, suggest)I enjoy reading before bed.
Pred spanjem **rad berem**.
Verb+to+base verb (want, decide, hope, plan, agree, promise)She decided to learn Korean.
**Odločila se je, da se bo učila** korejščino.
Preposition+V-ingHe's good at remembering names.
Zelo dobro si **zapomni** imena.
stop / remember / forget+V-ing or to+base verb (the meaning changes)I stopped to buy coffee on the way to work.
Na poti v službo **sem se ustavil, da bi kupil** kavo.
SIGNALNE BESEDE
- enjoy
- avoid
- finish
- want
- decide
- hope
- stop
- remember
PRIMERI
Learning a few words every day is easier than cramming before a test.
**Učenje** nekaj besed vsak dan je lažje kot guljenje tik pred testom.
I want to improve my pronunciation.
**Želim izboljšati** svojo izgovorjavo.
Do you mind opening the window?
**Bi** ti **bilo težko odpreti** okno?
She's interested in studying abroad.
Zanima jo **študij** v tujini.
Remember to lock the door when you leave.
Ne **pozabi zakleniti** vrat, ko odideš.
I'll never forget meeting you for the first time.
Nikoli ne bom **pozabil**, kako sva se prvič **srečala**.
PRAVOPISNA PRAVILA
| Večina glagolov | dodaj -ing | read → reading, study → studying |
|---|---|---|
| Konča se na nemi -e | odstrani -e, dodaj -ing | write → writing, make → making |
| Kratek glagol, ki se konča na soglasnik-samoglasnik-soglasnik | podvoji končni soglasnik + -ing | swim → swimming, stop → stopping |
POGOSTE NAPAKE
I enjoy to read before bed.
I enjoy reading before bed.
Za 'enjoy' vedno stoji gerundij (V-ing), nikoli nedoločnik
She decided learning Korean.
She decided to learn Korean.
'Decide' zahteva nedoločnik: decide to + base verb
I'm looking forward to meet you.
I'm looking forward to meeting you.
Tu je 'to' predlog, zato mu sledi V-ing. Enako velja za 'be used to' in 'object to'
He stopped to smoke last year.
He stopped smoking last year.
'Stop + V-ing' pomeni, da nečesa ne počneš več. 'Stop + to + verb' pomeni, da prenehaš z eno stvarjo, da bi naredil drugo
Nasvet
Vsak glagol se nauči skupaj z obliko, ki mu sledi, kot en sklop: enjoy + V-ing, want + to + verb. Ko si shraniš nov glagol, zapiši kratek primer s pravilnim vzorcem, da si obliko zapomniš.