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Betingelsessætninger type 3

Third Conditional

Betingelsessætninger af type 3 beskriver hypotetiske situationer i fortiden – ting, der ikke skete – og forestiller sig et andet udfald. De udtrykker fortrydelse, kritik eller lettelse over begivenheder i fortiden. Strukturen er: If + past perfect, would have + past participle.

HVORNÅR DET BRUGES

Bruges til at tale om situationer i fortiden, der IKKE skete, og til at forestille sig, hvad resultatet VILLE HAVE VÆRET. Er almindelig, når man udtrykker fortrydelse, kritiserer tidligere handlinger eller forestiller sig andre udfald.

STRUKTUR

positiveIfpast perfect, would havepast participle

If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

**Hvis** jeg **havde læst** mere, **ville** jeg **have bestået** eksamen.

negativeIfpast perfect, wouldn't havepast participle

If they had taken a taxi, they wouldn't have missed the flight.

**Hvis** de **havde taget** en taxa, **ville** de **ikke være kommet for sent** til flyet.

questionWould Shavepast participleifpast perfect?

Would she have called you if she had known your number?

**Ville** hun **have ringet** til dig, **hvis** hun **havde kendt** dit nummer?

SIGNALORD

  • if
  • would have
  • could have
  • might have
  • had (done)

EKSEMPLER

  1. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

    **Hvis** jeg **havde læst** mere, **ville** jeg **have bestået** eksamen.

  2. She would have called you if she had known your number.

    Hun **ville have ringet** til dig, **hvis** hun **havde kendt** dit nummer.

  3. If they had taken a taxi, they wouldn't have missed the flight.

    **Hvis** de **havde taget** en taxa, **ville** de **ikke være kommet for sent** til flyet.

  4. I would have helped you if you had asked me.

    Jeg **ville have hjulpet** dig, **hvis** du **havde bedt** mig om det.

  5. He might have got the job if he had arrived on time.

    Han **kunne have fået** jobbet, **hvis** han **var kommet** til tiden.

ALMINDELIGE FEJL

If I would have studied harder, I would have passed.

If I had studied harder, I would have passed.

I if-sætningen bruges førdatid (had + past participle) – IKKE 'would have'

She would have pass the exam if she had studied.

She would have passed the exam if she had studied.

Efter 'would have' bruges perfektum participium (passed, ikke pass)

Tip

Type 3 = fortrydelse, eller at man forestiller sig fortiden anderledes. Begge dele står i fortid: If + HAD done (past perfect) → WOULD HAVE done (resultat i fortiden). Intet kan ændres – det er alt sammen hypotetisk!

Sætningsstruktur