Passiv (grundlæggende)

Passive Voice (Simple)

Passiv bruges, når handlingen er vigtigere end den, der udfører den, eller når den handlende er ukendt eller indlysende. I passiv bliver objektet fra den aktive sætning til subjekt. Strukturen er: subject + am/is/are/was/were + past participle (+ by + agent).

HVORNÅR DET BRUGES

Brug passiv, når handlingen er vigtigere end den, der udfører den, når den handlende er ukendt, indlysende eller uvigtig, eller i formelle/akademiske tekster for at lyde mere objektiv.

STRUKTUR

positiveS+am/is/are/was/were+past participle (+ by agent)

The report was written by the manager.

Rapporten **blev skrevet** af chefen.

negativeS+am/is/are/was/were+not+past participle

The letter wasn't signed by anyone.

Brevet **blev ikke underskrevet** af nogen.

questionAm/Is/Are/Was/Were+S+past participle?

Was the cake made from scratch?

**Blev** kagen **lavet** fra bunden?

SIGNALORD

by
is made
was built
were told
has been stolen
will be announced

EKSEMPLER

The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889.
Eiffeltårnet **blev bygget** i 1889.
English is spoken all over the world.
Engelsk **tales** over hele verden.
The report was written by the manager.
Rapporten **blev skrevet** af chefen.
Mistakes were made.
Der **blev begået** fejl.
The winner will be announced tomorrow.
Vinderen **bliver offentliggjort** i morgen.

ALMINDELIGE FEJL

The car was crashed by a truck.

The car was hit by a truck.

Ikke en grammatisk fejl, men 'crashed' er som regel intransitivt i denne betydning. Vær opmærksom på, hvilke verber der kan stå i passiv.

The cake was baked by my mother baked it.

The cake was baked by my mother.

Gentag ikke subjektet/verbet i passive konstruktioner

Tip

Sådan laver du aktiv om til passiv: Objektet bliver subjekt, verbet bliver 'be + past participle', og det oprindelige subjekt (hvis det beholdes) kommer efter 'by'. Aktiv: 'The chef cooked the meal.' → Passiv: 'The meal was cooked by the chef.'