VocabNote动名词和不定式
Gerunds and Infinitives
动名词是动词的 -ing 形式，用作名词（Swimming is fun）。不定式是 to + 动词原形（I want to swim）。当一个动词后面跟另一个动词时，由前一个动词决定后面的形式：有些动词接动名词（enjoy、avoid、finish），有些接不定式（want、decide、hope），还有少数两者都可以接，有时意思会随之改变（stop、remember、forget）。
何时使用
动名词用作句子的主语、用在介词之后，以及用在 enjoy、avoid、mind、finish、suggest、keep 等动词之后。不定式用在 want、need、decide、hope、plan、agree、promise 等动词之后、许多形容词之后（"easy to learn"），以及用来表示目的（"I came here to study"）。
结构
Verb+V-ing (enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, keep, suggest)I enjoy reading before bed.
我**喜欢**在睡前**读书**。
Verb+to+base verb (want, decide, hope, plan, agree, promise)She decided to learn Korean.
她**决定学**韩语。
Preposition+V-ingHe's good at remembering names.
他**擅长记**名字。
stop / remember / forget+V-ing or to+base verb (the meaning changes)I stopped to buy coffee on the way to work.
上班路上我**停下来买**了杯咖啡。
信号词
- enjoy
- avoid
- finish
- want
- decide
- hope
- stop
- remember
例句
Learning a few words every day is easier than cramming before a test.
每天**学习**几个单词，比考试前临时突击更容易。
I want to improve my pronunciation.
我**想提高**我的发音。
Do you mind opening the window?
你**介意把**窗户**打开**吗？
She's interested in studying abroad.
她**对出国留学**感兴趣。
Remember to lock the door when you leave.
离开时**记得锁**门。
I'll never forget meeting you for the first time.
我永远不会**忘记**第一次**见到**你的情景。
拼写规则
| 大多数动词 | 加 -ing | read → reading, study → studying |
|---|---|---|
| 以不发音的 -e 结尾 | 去 -e 加 -ing | write → writing, make → making |
| 以辅音-元音-辅音结尾的短动词 | 末尾辅音双写 + -ing | swim → swimming, stop → stopping |
常见错误
I enjoy to read before bed.
I enjoy reading before bed.
"enjoy" 后面总是接动名词（V-ing），从不接不定式。
She decided learning Korean.
She decided to learn Korean.
"decide" 接不定式：decide to + 动词原形
I'm looking forward to meet you.
I'm looking forward to meeting you.
这里的 "to" 是介词，所以后面接 V-ing。"be used to" 和 "object to" 也是如此。
He stopped to smoke last year.
He stopped smoking last year.
"stop + V-ing" 表示不再做某事。"stop + to + 动词" 表示停下手头的事，去做另一件事。
提示
把每个动词和它后面接的形式当作一个整体来记：enjoy + V-ing，want + to + 动词。保存一个新动词时，用正确的句型写一个简短的例句，这样就容易记住它的形式。