过去完成时
Past Perfect
过去完成时描述在过去另一个动作或时间之前已经完成的动作。由 had + 过去分词 构成。常与一般过去时一起使用,以显示两个过去事件的顺序,以及与 before、after、when、already 和 by the time 等词搭配。
何时使用
使用过去完成时来清楚表明一个过去的动作发生在另一个过去动作之前。当事件顺序从上下文不明显时特别有用。
结构
S + had + past participleBy the time I arrived, the film had already started.
我到达时,电影**已经开始了**。
S + hadn't + past participleShe hadn't visited London before she moved there.
她在搬到伦敦之前**没有去过**那里。
Had + S + past participle?Had he eaten before the meeting?
他在会议前**吃了**吗?
信号词
- before
- after
- when
- by the time
- already
- just
- never...before
例句
By the time I arrived, the film had already started.
我到达时,电影**已经开始了**。
She had never visited London before she moved there.
她搬到伦敦之前从未**去过**那里。
He realized he had forgotten his wallet at home.
他意识到他把钱包**忘在**家里了。
When we got to the station, the train had left.
我们**到达**车站时,火车**已经开走了**。
I had studied for weeks before I took the exam.
考试前我**已经学习了**好几周。
常见错误
When I arrived, the party already started.
When I arrived, the party had already started.
当一个过去动作发生在另一个之前时,对较早的事件使用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。
She has gone before he arrived.
She had gone before he arrived.
对于在另一个过去动作之前的动作,使用过去完成时(had gone),而不是现在完成时(has gone)。
提示
把过去完成时看作'过去的过去'。当你已经在谈论过去,需要再往前追溯时 → 使用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。