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Past Perfect

Past Perfect opisuje radnju koja je završila prije neke druge radnje ili trenutka u prošlosti. Tvori se s had + prošli particip. Često se koristi uz Past Simple kako bi se pokazao redoslijed dvaju prošlih događaja te uz riječi poput before, after, when, already i by the time.

KADA KORISTITI

Past Perfect koristi kada želiš jasno pokazati da se jedna prošla radnja dogodila PRIJE druge prošle radnje. Osobito je koristan kada redoslijed događaja nije očit iz konteksta.

STRUKTURA

positiveShadpast participle

By the time I arrived, the film had already started.

Kad sam stigao, film **je već bio počeo**.

negativeShadn'tpast participle

She hadn't visited London before she moved there.

Ona **nije posjetila** London prije nego što se onamo preselila.

questionHadSpast participle?

Had he eaten before the meeting?

**Je li** on **jeo** prije sastanka?

SIGNALNE RIJEČI

  • before
  • after
  • when
  • by the time
  • already
  • just
  • never...before

PRIMJERI

  1. By the time I arrived, the film had already started.

    Kad sam stigao, film **je već bio počeo**.

  2. She had never visited London before she moved there.

    Ona **nikad nije posjetila** London prije nego što se onamo preselila.

  3. He realized he had forgotten his wallet at home.

    Shvatio je da **je zaboravio** novčanik kod kuće.

  4. When we got to the station, the train had left.

    Kad **smo stigli** na kolodvor, vlak **je bio otišao**.

  5. I had studied for weeks before I took the exam.

    **Učio sam** tjednima prije nego što sam izašao na ispit.

ČESTE POGREŠKE

When I arrived, the party already started.

When I arrived, the party had already started.

Kada se jedna prošla radnja dogodila prije druge, za raniji događaj koristi Past Perfect (had + prošli particip)

She has gone before he arrived.

She had gone before he arrived.

Za radnju koja prethodi drugoj prošloj radnji koristi Past Perfect (had gone), a ne Present Perfect (has gone)

Savjet

Zamisli Past Perfect kao 'prošlost prošlosti'. Kada već govoriš o prošlosti i trebaš se vratiti još dalje unatrag, koristi Past Perfect (had + prošli particip).

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