Ayat Pasif (Mudah)
Passive Voice (Simple)
Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila tindakan lebih penting daripada pelakunya, atau apabila pelakunya tidak diketahui atau sudah jelas. Dalam kalimat pasif, objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek. Strukturnya: subjek + am/is/are/was/were + past participle (+ by + pelaku).
BILA DIGUNAKAN
Gunakan kalimat pasif apabila tindakan lebih penting daripada pelakunya, apabila pelakunya tidak diketahui, jelas, atau tidak penting, atau dalam penulisan formal/akademik agar bunyinya lebih objektif.
STRUKTUR
S + am/is/are/was/were + past participle (+ by agent)The report was written by the manager.
Laporan itu **ditulis** oleh pengurus.
S + am/is/are/was/were + not + past participleThe letter wasn't signed by anyone.
Surat itu **tidak ditandatangani** oleh sesiapa.
Am/Is/Are/Was/Were + S + past participle?Was the cake made from scratch?
Adakah kek itu **dibuat** dari mula?
PERKATAAN ISYARAT
- by
- is made
- was built
- were told
- has been stolen
- will be announced
CONTOH
The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889.
Menara Eiffel **dibina** pada tahun 1889.
English is spoken all over the world.
Bahasa Inggeris **dituturkan** di seluruh dunia.
The report was written by the manager.
Laporan itu **ditulis** oleh pengurus.
Mistakes were made.
Kesilapan **telah dibuat**.
The winner will be announced tomorrow.
Pemenang **akan diumumkan** esok.
KESILAPAN BIASA
The car was crashed by a truck.
The car was hit by a truck.
Ini bukan kesalahan tatabahasa, tetapi 'crashed' biasanya tak transitif dalam erti ini. Berhati-hati dengan kata kerja mana yang boleh dipasifkan.
The cake was baked by my mother baked it.
The cake was baked by my mother.
Jangan ulang subjek/kata kerja dalam binaan pasif.
Petua
Untuk menukar aktif kepada pasif: objek menjadi subjek, kata kerja menjadi 'be + past participle', dan subjek asal (jika dikekalkan) muncul selepas 'by'. Aktif: 'The chef cooked the meal.' → Pasif: 'The meal was cooked by the chef.'